What do the "three Rs" in navigation refer to?

The "three Rs" in navigation refer to the concepts of "Range, Red, and Right (starboard)." This mnemonic is particularly useful when navigating through areas with navigation aids, especially in the context of buoyage systems.

In this context, "Range" emphasizes the importance of identifying and measuring the distance between two fixed points, ensuring that a safe distance is maintained from navigational hazards. "Red" highlights that when following a channel or moving in a certain direction, navigators need to ensure that red buoys or markers are kept on their right side when traveling upstream. This principle helps maintain proper navigation and avoid collisions or grounding in narrow or congested waters. "Right (starboard)" reinforces this idea by providing a specific reference to the right side of a vessel when facing forward, which corresponds to keeping red markers on the starboard side for safe passage.

Other options do not accurately represent the established navigation principles associated with the "three Rs." They either mix unrelated concepts or do not provide a clear, coherent structure that aligns with maritime navigation standards. Understanding these key points enables safer and more effective navigation, particularly in areas where buoyage systems are in place.